Malcolm X was a prominent African American leader and a pivotal figure in the civil rights movement. Born Malcolm Little in 1925 in Omaha, Nebraska, he later became known as El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz. He was a powerful orator who advocated for the rights of black Americans and challenged the mainstream civil rights movement’s nonviolent approach championed by leaders like Martin Luther King Jr.

Malcolm X converted to Islam while in prison and joined the Nation of Islam, which advocated for black empowerment and separation from white society. He became one of the organization’s most influential leaders before breaking away in 1964 to form Muslim Mosque, Inc. and the Organization of Afro-American Unity.

He emphasized racial pride and self-determination and called for black nationalism. His views evolved after a pilgrimage to Mecca, where he witnessed a diverse Muslim community united by faith. This experience led him to adopt a more inclusive approach towards racial justice.

Malcolm X was assassinated in 1965. His legacy continues to influence racial discourse and civil rights activism in the United States and beyond. His autobiography, co-written with Alex Haley, remains seminal in understanding his life and his impact on society.